10 January 2025

What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a widely practiced, evidence-based form of psychotherapy that helps individuals understand and change unhelpful thought patterns and behaviours. It is identified as the gold standard psychological treatment program for managing many psychological difficulties.

The core principle of CBT is that our thoughts, emotions, and behaviours are interconnected—negative or distorted thinking can lead to emotional distress and maladaptive behaviours. By addressing these cognitive distortions, individuals can learn to manage their emotions more effectively and develop healthier coping mechanisms.

CBT typically involves identifying problematic thoughts, known as cognitive distortions, such as catastrophising, black-and-white thinking, or overgeneralisation. Once these patterns are recognised, the therapist helps the client challenge and reframe these thoughts into more balanced and realistic ones. For example, a person who frequently thinks, “I’ll never be good enough” may learn to replace that thought with, “I’m doing my best, and that’s enough.”

Behavioural techniques are another key component of CBT. These may include activities such as goal setting, exposure therapy, behavioural activation, or relaxation training. These strategies help clients gradually face feared situations, increase positive behaviours, and reduce avoidance.

CBT is highly effective for a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, PTSD, and OCD. It is typically short-term, goal-oriented, and focused on present issues rather than past experiences. Clients are often given homework assignments to practice skills learned in therapy, fostering self-awareness and independence.

By working collaboratively with a therapist, clients can gain insight into how their thoughts influence their feelings and actions, ultimately leading to lasting positive change.